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Step #1

Getting Ready

Ensuring a clean surgical field starts with proper skin preparation. This video demonstrates the best practices for:

Shaving the patient – Achieving a close, even shave while minimizing skin irritation

The Dirty Scrub – The initial skin prep step to remove surface debris and reduce bacterial load before the sterile scrub.

Following these techniques helps reduce infection risk and improve surgical outcomes. Watch the video to see how it’s done effectively!

Step  #2

Reduce Your Risks

Many surgeons are shocked to find out that their patients are not protected from biofilms and resistant bacteria when they use saline and post-op antibiotics.  

That’s Where Simini Comes In.

Why leave these risks and unmanaged?  Just apply Simini Protect Lavage for one minute. Biofilms and resistant bacteria can be removed, and you can reduce two significant sources of infection.

Protect Your Patients

Step #3

Take the Course

Preventing surgical infections is critical for patient safety and successful outcomes. This course covers:

Aseptic techniques – Best practices to maintain a sterile field.

​Skin prep & draping – Proper methods to minimize contamination.

​Antibiotic stewardship – When and how to use perioperative antibiotics effectively.

Stay up to date with the latest evidence-based protocols. Click the link to start learning and earn CE credits!

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Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO) surgery is a common procedure used to treat a torn cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) in dogs. This ligament is crucial for stabilizing the knee joint, and when it's damaged, it can cause pain, lameness, and arthritis.

TPLO surgery is very effective in restoring mobility, but many pet owners are curious about its long-term effects. Knowing what to expect years after the surgery can help you provide better care for your dog and make informed health decisions.

In this article, we’ll discuss the potential long-term effects of TPLO surgery, including the benefits, risks, and challenges. By the end, you’ll have a clear understanding of how this surgery affects your dog’s quality of life and what you can do to help them thrive.

1. Improved Mobility and Quality of Life

One of the biggest long-term benefits of TPLO surgery is improved mobility. After recovery, most dogs regain full use of the affected leg and return to activities they enjoyed before the injury. This improvement usually lasts a long time, and many dogs stay active for years after the surgery.

If your dog has trouble walking or playing because of a torn CCL, TPLO surgery can often make a big difference. With less pain and more stability, they can move comfortably. However, it's important to keep an eye on their activity levels, as too much exertion can lead to other joint issues. You might also notice your dog slightly favoring the surgical leg less than the other one as they age, which is completely normal.

2. Risk of Arthritis in the Affected Joint

Arthritis is a common concern after TPLO surgery. While the procedure stabilizes the knee and slows down the progression of arthritis, it doesn't completely eliminate the risk. Dogs with a history of CCL tears often develop arthritis in the affected joint over time, which can lead to stiffness, discomfort, and reduced flexibility.

To reduce the impact of arthritis, it's important to manage your dog's weight, provide joint supplements like glucosamine, and ensure they get regular, low-impact exercise. Activities like swimming or gentle walks can help keep their joints healthy without putting too much stress on the repaired knee.

You can also discuss long-term pain management options with your veterinarian, such as anti-inflammatory medications or physical therapy.

3. Potential for Opposite Leg Injuries

A less-discussed long-term effect of TPLO surgery is the increased risk of a CCL tear in the opposite leg. Studies suggest that up to 50% of dogs who have had TPLO surgery on one leg may experience a similar injury on the other leg within a few years. This often happens because the opposite leg compensates for the injured one during recovery, leading to extra strain.

To reduce this risk, focus on balanced physical therapy and muscle-strengthening exercises after surgery. Keeping your dog at a healthy weight is also important, as extra weight puts more stress on the joints. If your dog does tear the other CCL, the good news is that TPLO surgery can also be performed on the second leg with similar success rates.

4. Long-Term Scar Tissue and Stiffness

Scar tissue formation is a natural part of healing after TPLO surgery. Usually, this tissue helps stabilize the joint and doesn't cause major problems. However, some dogs might feel stiff occasionally, especially in colder weather or after being inactive for a long time.

You can help reduce stiffness by keeping your dog warm in the winter and encouraging gentle movement throughout the day. Joint massages and passive range-of-motion exercises can also improve flexibility. If the stiffness continues or gets worse, consult your veterinarian to check for any complications.

5. Implant-Related Complications

During TPLO surgery, a metal plate and screws are used to stabilize the knee. These implants are meant to stay in place permanently, but in rare cases, they can cause problems. For example, some dogs may develop infections around the implant or experience loosening of the hardware over time.

Signs of implant-related issues include swelling, redness, or limping long after the surgery has healed. If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to have your dog checked by a veterinarian. In some cases, the implant may need to be removed, but this is uncommon when the surgery is done correctly.

6. Weight Management Challenges

As we discussed in the sections above, maintaining your dog’s ideal weight is one of the most important long-term considerations after TPLO surgery. Excess weight can strain the repaired knee and increase the risk of arthritis and other joint problems. Unfortunately, some dogs become less active during their recovery, which can lead to weight gain.

To manage this, ensure your dog has a balanced diet with controlled portions. Your veterinarian can recommend a weight management plan tailored to your dog’s needs. Regular exercise, such as swimming or short walks, can also help keep them fit without putting too much pressure on their joints.

7. Joint Mechanics and Biomechanics Over Time

After TPLO surgery, the way your dog's knee joint works changes a lot. The surgery changes the angle of the tibial plateau to stop instability, which can affect how your dog moves. Over time, these changes might lead to different posture or walking patterns.

While these adjustments are usually well-tolerated, it's important to keep an eye on your dog's movement. Any noticeable changes in walking or weight distribution should be checked by a veterinarian to catch potential issues early.

8. Age-Related Factors

Your dog's age at the time of TPLO surgery significantly affects their recovery and long-term outcomes. Younger dogs usually heal faster and regain full mobility more easily. Their bodies are more resilient, making them less likely to develop complications like arthritis or stiffness.

Older dogs, however, may heal more slowly and have a higher chance of developing age-related conditions such as arthritis or joint issues. If your dog is older, your veterinarian might suggest additional pre-surgical tests to check their overall health and customize the recovery plan.

Supplements, weight management, and ongoing physical therapy can further enhance their long-term quality of life, even if they encounter age-related challenges.

9. Infection Risks and Chronic Inflammation

Infections after TPLO surgery are rare but can happen, especially around the surgical implants. Chronic or delayed infections may cause inflammation, discomfort, and even joint instability if not treated.

However, many surgeons now use surgical lavage solutions like Simini Protect Lavage to significantly reduce the risk of infections. These advanced solutions help keep the surgical area sterile, resulting in safer outcomes.

Signs of infection include redness, swelling, warmth, or ongoing limping near the surgical site. If you see any of these symptoms, contact your veterinarian right away. Early treatment can stop infections from getting worse and help ensure a smoother recovery.

10. Ongoing Rehabilitation Needs

TPLO surgery is just the first step in your dog’s recovery. Long-term success often relies on regular rehabilitation and strengthening exercises. Physiotherapy and hydrotherapy are especially effective for improving mobility, rebuilding muscle mass, and reducing joint stiffness.

Your veterinarian might suggest a customized rehabilitation plan that includes specific exercises like sit-to-stand repetitions, controlled leash walks, or underwater treadmill sessions. These activities can help restore muscle strength and balance, ensuring your dog fully uses the affected leg.

Regular follow-ups with a canine physical therapist or vet will ensure the plan adjusts to your dog’s changing needs.

11. Nutritional Considerations for Joint Health

Nutrition is crucial for supporting your dog's joints after TPLO surgery. Veterinarians often suggest adding supplements like glucosamine, chondroitin, and omega-3 fatty acids to your dog's diet. These supplements help maintain cartilage health, improve joint lubrication, and reduce inflammation.

A balanced diet with high-quality protein is also important for rebuilding muscle and supporting overall recovery. If your dog is overweight, a weight management plan guided by a veterinarian is essential to reduce stress on the repaired knee. Always consult your vet before adding any new supplements to make sure they are suitable for your dog's specific needs.

12. Behavioral Adjustments and Anxiety

It's common for dogs to experience behavioral changes, like anxiety or reduced activity levels, after TPLO surgery. Limited mobility during recovery can cause frustration, boredom, or even depression. Dogs that were very active before may find it hard to adjust to temporary restrictions.

To keep your dog mentally engaged, try using puzzle toys, treat-dispensing games, or gentle training exercises that don't strain their knee. Spending quality time with your dog during recovery can also help reduce anxiety. If your dog shows signs of ongoing stress or behavioral changes, consult your veterinarian for advice or consider working with an animal behaviorist.

13. Genetic Predispositions

Certain breeds are genetically more prone to joint problems, which can affect their long-term outcomes after TPLO surgery. For example, large breeds like Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, and Rottweilers often have a higher risk of developing arthritis or degenerative joint issues as they age. These genetic factors can impact their recovery and increase the chance of future joint instability.

If your dog is a high-risk breed, taking preventive steps is crucial. These include keeping a healthy weight, providing joint supplements, and following a regular, low-impact exercise routine. Regular check-ups with your vet will help detect potential issues early, ensuring your dog remains active and comfortable for as long as possible.

Conclusion

That's all you need to know about the long-term effects of TPLO surgery, which include both benefits and challenges, such as improved mobility and the risk of arthritis or joint degeneration. By actively managing your dog's care—through weight control, balanced exercise, and regular vet visits—you can help them enjoy a high quality of life.

Although challenges like implant wear, muscle loss, or age-related changes may occur, ongoing care and rehabilitation can significantly help in keeping your dog happy and active for years to come.

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Sources:

• Six Risk Factors for Arthritis in Dogs - Dog Arthritis Aware
• Arthritis in Dogs: Information and Advice - Guide Dogs UK

TPLO (Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy) surgery is a common procedure to stabilize a dog's knee after a cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture. It involves cutting and repositioning the tibia to reduce strain on the ligament, allowing for better joint function. Like any surgery, TPLO has a risk of complications, with incision infections being a primary concern.

Infections can happen due to bacterial contamination during surgery, improper post-op care, excessive licking or chewing of the incision, or underlying conditions like diabetes or a weakened immune system. Signs of infection include redness, swelling, warmth, discharge, and delayed healing.

The risk of infection after TPLO is relatively low, occurring in about 3-10% of cases. Factors like surgical technique, sterile conditions, and strict post-operative management greatly affect the outcome. Early detection and quick treatment with antibiotics and wound care are crucial to prevent complications and ensure a successful recovery.

Symptoms and Warning Signs of TPLO Incision Infection

Recognizing the symptoms of an infection early is crucial for preventing complications after TPLO (Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy) surgery. Infections can range from mild to severe, potentially affecting healing and the long-term success of the procedure. Understanding the difference between early and advanced signs can help ensure timely intervention.

Early Signs of Infection

In the initial stages, an infection may present with mild symptoms that can sometimes be mistaken for normal healing. These include:

• Redness and swelling around the incision site, which may be slightly warm to the touch.
• Mild pain or tenderness, which persists beyond the expected post-surgical discomfort.
• Clear or slightly yellow discharge, which may indicate the presence of bacteria.

If detected at this stage, infections are often manageable with topical treatments, antibiotics, and proper wound care.

Advanced Signs of Infection

As an infection worsens, more severe symptoms may develop, indicating deeper tissue involvement and potential systemic infection. These include:

• Thick, pus-like discharge from the incision, often accompanied by a foul odor.
• Significant swelling and warmth, which may extend beyond the incision area.
• Fever and lethargy, as the body mounts an immune response.
• Increased lameness or reluctance to bear weight, signaling pain or joint involvement.

Advanced infections require urgent veterinary care, as untreated cases can lead to delayed healing, implant complications, or systemic illness. Immediate intervention, such as antibiotics, wound debridement, or even surgical revision, may be necessary.

Monitoring the incision closely in the weeks following TPLO surgery is essential. Any changes in the wound’s appearance, excessive discomfort, or behavioral changes in your dog should be reported to a veterinarian promptly to prevent complications.

Causes of TPLO Incision Infection

A TPLO (Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy) incision infection can occur due to various factors, either during the surgery or in the post-operative recovery period. Identifying and minimizing these risks is essential for ensuring a smooth healing process.

Bacterial Contamination During or After Surgery

Despite strict sterile protocols, bacteria can sometimes enter the surgical site during the procedure. This can happen due to contamination from the skin, surgical instruments, or even the surrounding environment. Post-operatively, improper wound care or exposure to unclean surfaces can introduce bacteria, increasing infection risk.

Poor Post-Op Wound Care

Proper post-operative care is critical to prevent infection. Failure to keep the incision clean and dry, skipping prescribed antibiotics, or neglecting follow-up visits can allow bacteria to proliferate. Owners must follow all veterinary instructions carefully, including cleaning protocols and medication administration.

Licking or Chewing the Incision Site

Dogs instinctively lick their wounds, which can introduce bacteria from their mouths into the incision. Excessive licking or chewing can also cause trauma to the site, delaying healing. The use of an Elizabethan collar (E-collar) or medical pet shirt is essential to prevent self-inflicted wound contamination.

Moisture Buildup Around the Incision

A damp environment around the incision can promote bacterial growth. Moisture can accumulate from bathing, wet bedding, or excessive sweating, making it essential to keep the area dry until fully healed.

Underlying Health Conditions

Dogs with pre-existing conditions such as diabetes, Cushing’s disease, or immune disorders have a higher risk of infection due to impaired wound healing. Such cases require extra vigilance in monitoring for signs of infection.

Implants and Their Role in Infection Risk

The metal implants used in TPLO surgery can serve as a surface for bacterial adhesion. If bacteria form a biofilm on the implant, it can lead to a deep-seated infection that may require implant removal or surgical revision.

To minimize this risk, many surgeons use Simini Protect Lavage, a non-antibiotic surgical lavage designed to reduce bacterial contamination and prevent biofilm formation. Unlike traditional solutions, Simini Protect Lavage actively disrupts bacterial adhesion, helping to lower infection risks without contributing to antibiotic resistance. Its use in TPLO and other orthopedic procedures has shown promising results in enhancing post-surgical outcomes.

Preventing infection requires a combination of strict surgical protocols, diligent post-op care, and close monitoring of the incision site for any signs of complications.

How TPLO Infections Are Diagnosed

Diagnosing a TPLO incision infection requires a thorough evaluation by a veterinarian to determine the severity and appropriate treatment plan. Early detection is key to preventing complications such as delayed healing, deep tissue infections, or implant failure.

Physical Examination

The first step in diagnosing an infection is a detailed physical examination of the incision site. The veterinarian will check for common signs of infection, including:

• Redness and swelling around the incision.
• Abnormal discharge (pus, thick yellow fluid, or foul-smelling secretions).
• Increased warmth in the surrounding tissue.
• Pain response when the area is gently palpated.
• Signs of systemic illness, such as fever or lethargy.

Diagnostic Tests

If an infection is suspected, further diagnostic tests help confirm the presence and extent of the infection.

• Wound Culture and Sensitivity Test - A swab of the incision site is collected to identify the specific bacterial strain causing the infection. This helps determine the most effective antibiotic treatment.
• Complete Blood Count (CBC) - Blood tests check for elevated white blood cell counts (WBCs), which indicate an immune response to infection. Other markers, such as increased neutrophils, may suggest a bacterial infection.
• X-rays or Advanced Imaging - If the infection has progressed or involves the surgical implants, X-rays or ultrasound imaging may be used to assess deep tissue involvement. In some cases, an infection can lead to osteomyelitis (bone infection) or implant loosening, requiring further surgical intervention.

Prompt and accurate diagnosis ensures that treatment is initiated quickly, reducing the risk of complications and improving the chances of a full recovery.

Potential Complications of an Untreated TPLO Incision Infection

If a TPLO incision infection is left untreated, it can lead to serious complications that may jeopardize the success of the surgery and the dog’s long-term mobility. Early intervention is crucial to prevent these risks.

Implant Failure and the Need for Removal or Revision Surgery

TPLO surgery involves the placement of metal implants (plates and screws) to stabilize the tibia. If bacteria colonize the implant, they can form a biofilm, making the infection difficult to treat with antibiotics alone. This can lead to implant loosening or failure, requiring removal or revision surgery to replace the affected hardware. A second surgery increases recovery time and risk of further complications.

Read more about - Signs of TPLO Failure in Dogs & When to See a Vet

Deep Bone Infection (Osteomyelitis)

When an infection spreads beyond the incision site into the bone tissue, it can cause osteomyelitis, a severe and persistent infection. Bone infections are challenging to treat and often require long-term antibiotics, surgical debridement, or even partial bone removal in extreme cases. Osteomyelitis can significantly delay healing and may compromise limb function.

Delayed Healing, Prolonged Pain, and Lameness

An untreated infection slows down wound healing, leading to persistent inflammation, chronic pain, and prolonged lameness. Infections interfere with the body’s natural healing process, increasing the risk of poor scar formation and weakening the stability of the joint. This can result in long-term mobility issues, affecting the dog’s quality of life.

Risk of Systemic Infection (Sepsis)

If bacteria enter the bloodstream, the infection can become systemic, leading to sepsis, a life-threatening condition. Sepsis causes widespread inflammation, organ dysfunction, and severe illness. Immediate hospitalization, intravenous antibiotics, and aggressive supportive care are required in such cases.

Preventing complications requires early diagnosis, strict post-op care, and immediate treatment of any signs of infection to ensure a smooth recovery.

Treatment Options for TPLO Incision Infections

A TPLO incision infection requires prompt and appropriate treatment to prevent complications and ensure proper healing. The treatment plan depends on the severity of the infection, the presence of bacterial colonization on the implants, and the dog’s overall health.

Antibiotic Therapy

Antibiotics are the first line of treatment for a TPLO incision infection. The choice of antibiotic depends on wound culture and sensitivity testing, ensuring effective targeting of the bacteria.

• Oral antibiotics (e.g., cephalexin, clindamycin, or enrofloxacin) are commonly prescribed for mild to moderate infections.
• Topical antibiotics (e.g., silver sulfadiazine or mupirocin) may be used to manage surface-level infections.
• If the infection is deep-seated or spreading, intravenous (IV) antibiotics may be required for better systemic control.

Wound Cleaning and Care

Proper wound care helps clear bacteria and promote healing. This includes:

• Cleaning the incision with veterinary-approved antiseptic solutions (chlorhexidine or diluted povidone-iodine).
• Avoiding excessive moisture buildup around the wound.
• Preventing licking or chewing with an Elizabethan collar (E-collar) or medical pet shirt.
• Ensuring the bandage (if used) is clean and changed as recommended by the veterinarian.

Pain Management

Infections cause inflammation and discomfort, so pain relief is an important part of treatment.

• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as carprofen or meloxicam may be prescribed to reduce pain and swelling.
• If severe discomfort persists, stronger pain relievers may be necessary.

Surgical Intervention

For infections that do not respond to antibiotics or involve the implants, surgical intervention may be needed:

• Flushing and debridement – The vet may clean and remove infected tissue under anesthesia to prevent further bacterial spread.
• Implant removal or revision – If bacteria have colonized the TPLO plate and screws, implant removal may be necessary, followed by a prolonged course of antibiotics to clear the infection.

Timely and appropriate treatment is essential to prevent long-term complications and ensure a smooth recovery. Close veterinary supervision and adherence to post-op care instructions significantly improve outcomes.

When to Call Your Veterinarian

Recognizing the signs of a TPLO incision infection early and seeking veterinary care promptly can prevent serious complications. Certain symptoms indicate the need for immediate medical attention:

• Excessive swelling, redness, or warmth around the incision.
• Thick, pus-like discharge or a foul odor from the wound.
• Persistent pain or worsening lameness beyond the expected healing period.
• Fever, lethargy, or loss of appetite, which may indicate a systemic infection.
• Sudden changes in behavior, such as reluctance to move or increased sensitivity around the incision.

How Quickly Should an Infection Be Addressed?

If you notice any signs of infection, contact your veterinarian immediately. Mild infections caught early may be treated with antibiotics and wound care, but delays in treatment can lead to deeper infections, increasing the risk of implant failure or systemic illness.

What to Expect During a Vet Visit

Your veterinarian will:

• Perform a physical examination of the incision.
• Conduct diagnostic tests (wound cultures, blood tests, or X-rays) if needed.
• Prescribe antibiotics or pain medication based on the infection’s severity.
• Recommend wound cleaning protocols or, in severe cases, surgical intervention to remove infected tissue or implants.

Prompt veterinary care ensures a smoother recovery and reduces the risk of long-term complications.

Preventing TPLO Incision Infections

Preventing infection after TPLO surgery is crucial for ensuring a smooth recovery and avoiding complications. Proper post-operative care significantly reduces the risk of infection and promotes faster healing.

Proper At-Home Wound Care Routine

A clean and well-maintained incision site is essential for preventing bacterial growth. Follow these steps to ensure proper wound care:

• Inspect the incision daily for redness, swelling, or discharge.
• Use vet-approved antiseptic solutions if cleaning is necessary.
• Avoid touching the wound with unclean hands to prevent contamination.
• Follow the prescribed antibiotic regimen to eliminate any potential bacterial infections.

Importance of E-Collars to Prevent Licking

Dogs instinctively lick wounds, but their mouths contain bacteria that can introduce infection.

• An Elizabethan collar (E-collar) or medical pet shirt should be used at all times until the incision fully heals.
• Even brief periods of licking can introduce bacteria, delaying healing and increasing infection risk.

Keeping the Incision Dry and Clean

Moisture creates an ideal environment for bacterial growth, so it’s important to:

• Prevent the incision from getting wet—no bathing or swimming until cleared by the vet.
• Keep the bedding clean and dry to avoid contamination.
• If the incision gets wet, gently pat it dry with a clean, soft cloth.

Following Post-Op Care Instructions Strictly

Veterinary post-op guidelines should be followed precisely, including:

• Restricted activity to prevent excessive movement that could stress the incision.
• Proper medication schedules, including antibiotics and pain relievers.
• Scheduled follow-up visits to monitor healing progress.

Monitoring for Any Early Signs of Infection

Even with proper care, infections can still develop. Watch for:

• Redness, swelling, or discharge from the incision.
• Excessive licking or signs of discomfort around the area.
• Changes in behavior, such as lethargy or reluctance to move.

By taking proactive steps in at-home care, pet owners can significantly reduce the chances of post-operative infections and support a successful TPLO recovery.

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Read more about:

• TPLO Failure Symptoms
• TPLO Surgery Cost Guide
• Long-Term Outcomes of TPLO Surgery
• Common Causes of Limping in Dogs Post-TPLO Surgery

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Conclusion

A TPLO incision infection can slow down healing and cause serious problems if not treated. It's important to notice early signs of infection, like redness, swelling, discharge, or increased pain, to prevent further issues. Quick veterinary care can greatly improve recovery results.

Proper post-operative wound care, such as keeping the incision clean and dry, using an E-collar to prevent licking, and following all prescribed medications, helps reduce the risk of infection. Watching for any changes in the incision site or behavior allows for early action if needed.

If an infection happens, quick diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics, wound care, or surgery ensure the best recovery possible. By being watchful and proactive in post-op care, pet owners can support a smooth healing process and help their dog regain mobility safely.

FAQs

How do I know if my TPLO incision is infected?

A TPLO incision infection may show signs such as redness, swelling, warmth, and abnormal discharge (yellow, pus-like, or foul-smelling fluid). The incision may become painful, and your dog might show increased licking, lethargy, fever, or reluctance to walk. If you notice any of these symptoms, contact your veterinarian immediately for evaluation and treatment.

How do you treat a TPLO infection?

Treatment depends on the severity of the infection. Mild cases may be managed with oral antibiotics and wound cleaning, while severe infections might require intravenous antibiotics, wound flushing, or even implant removal if bacteria form a biofilm. Pain management and restricted movement are also essential for recovery. Early treatment ensures the best outcomes and prevents complications like deep bone infections or implant failure.

What to do if my dog's incision is infected?

If you suspect an infection, contact your veterinarian immediately. Avoid cleaning the wound with unapproved solutions, and prevent your dog from licking the incision by using an E-collar or protective covering. The vet may prescribe antibiotics, pain relief, or wound debridement depending on the infection's severity. Delaying treatment can worsen the infection and lead to complications.

How common is infection after TPLO surgery?

Infections after TPLO surgery are relatively uncommon, occurring in about 3-10% of cases. The risk increases with factors like poor post-op care, excessive licking, moisture exposure, or underlying health issues such as diabetes or immune suppression. Following strict wound care protocols and monitoring for early signs of infection significantly reduces the risk.

What is the infection rate for TPLO?

The infection rate for TPLO surgery ranges from 3-10%, depending on factors such as surgical technique, sterility, and post-operative care. Using advanced infection prevention methods, such as Simini Protect Lavage, proper antibiotic use, and strict wound monitoring, can help minimize infection risks. Prompt intervention at the first sign of infection is essential.

What does the start of an infected incision look like?

The early signs of an infected TPLO incision include increased redness, mild swelling, warmth, and clear to yellow discharge. The area may become more painful than expected during normal healing, and your dog may lick or chew the incision excessively. If left untreated, symptoms can worsen, leading to pus formation, odor, and systemic illness. Any suspicious changes should be evaluated by a veterinarian immediately.

Why Keeping Your Dog Calm After TPLO Surgery Is So Important

After TPLO surgery, keeping your dog calm is one of the most critical parts of recovery. The bone, plate, and screws need several weeks to heal securely, and any sudden movement or overactivity can disrupt that process. Rest allows tissues to rebuild and the surgical site to stabilize without extra strain.

• Prevents Implant Failure: The metal plate and screws hold the bone in position during healing. Jumping or running too early can loosen or shift these implants, leading to painful setbacks or revision surgery.
• Reduces Swelling and Inflammation: Controlled rest limits joint stress and prevents excess fluid buildup that delays bone fusion.
• Supports Safe Bone Healing: The tibia needs time for callus formation and proper alignment. Calm, limited movement ensures consistent recovery.
• Avoids Reinjury: Dogs often feel better before the bone fully heals, making them eager to move. Restricting activity keeps them from damaging soft tissue or undoing surgical repairs.
• Promotes Mental Stability: A calm environment lowers stress hormones, which supports both physical and emotional healing.

Maintaining your dog’s calm behavior after TPLO surgery is not just about obedience — it’s about protecting the repair and ensuring a smooth, complication-free recovery.

How Long Dogs Need to Stay Calm After TPLO Surgery

The healing process after TPLO surgery requires strict control of movement. Dogs typically need 6–8 weeks of restricted activity before returning to light exercise, though this can vary depending on size, age, and overall health. Remaining calm during this period ensures the bone plate stabilizes and heals properly.

• Initial Rest Period (Weeks 0–6): Dogs should stay confined to a crate or pen with only brief, supervised leash walks for bathroom breaks.
• Gradual Activity Increase (Weeks 6–10): Once X-rays confirm bone healing, your vet may approve gentle walking or light physical therapy.
• Long-Term Transition (After 10 Weeks): Controlled movement replaces full restriction. Activities like swimming or slow leash walks promote strength safely.
• Recovery Variations: Large or older dogs may need longer rest, while smaller breeds often heal faster due to lower joint stress.
• Vet-Guided Plan: Always follow your veterinarian’s recovery schedule and delay activity until your dog’s gait and confidence improve.

Patience during the calm phase prevents reinjury and ensures the surgical repair remains stable throughout the healing process.

Preparing a Safe Recovery Space Before Bringing Your Dog Home

Setting up a calm, controlled environment before your dog returns home is key to a smooth recovery. A secure space prevents accidental slips, jumping, or overexcitement while your dog adjusts to limited movement.

• Choose a Confined Area: Use a crate, playpen, or small gated room to limit running or climbing. Ensure there’s enough room to lie down comfortably.
• Provide Non-Slip Flooring: Mats or rugs prevent your dog from slipping on tiles or hardwood, reducing strain on the surgical leg.
• Use Soft Bedding: Thick, supportive bedding cushions the joint and prevents pressure sores during long rest periods.
• Keep Essentials Close: Place food, water, and toys within easy reach so your dog doesn’t need to move around unnecessarily.
• Minimize Noise and Distractions: Keep the space quiet and away from household traffic to maintain calm behavior.

A well-prepared environment helps your dog feel secure and relaxed, supporting both emotional and physical healing after surgery.

Crate Rest and Confinement Tips After TPLO Surgery

Crate rest is one of the safest ways to control your dog’s activity after TPLO surgery. When used correctly, it supports proper bone healing while reducing stress and the temptation to move too much.

• Purpose of Crate Rest: It restricts movement, preventing your dog from jumping, twisting, or running, which could damage the surgical site.
• Make the Crate Comfortable: Add soft bedding, a familiar blanket, and safe chew toys to make the space relaxing.
• Reduce Stress: Use calming scents or gentle music near the crate to create a peaceful environment.
• Positive Association: Feed meals or offer treats inside the crate so your dog views it as a safe, comforting space.
• Gradual Out-of-Crate Time: Once cleared by your vet, increase supervised movement slowly—starting with short walks or passive exercises.

Proper crate management helps your dog stay calm, safe, and comfortable throughout recovery without feeling isolated.

Using Calming Techniques and Tools After TPLO Surgery

Keeping your dog emotionally calm is as important as restricting physical activity. Calming tools and consistent routines help reduce anxiety during recovery.

• Soothing Sounds: Soft music or white noise masks outside distractions and helps anxious dogs relax.
• Natural Calming Aids: Pheromone diffusers, herbal sprays, or vet-approved supplements can reduce restlessness naturally.
• Predictable Routine: Regular feeding, potty breaks, and gentle interactions give structure and reassurance.
• Gentle Reassurance: Stay near your dog, speak calmly, and avoid sudden handling that could trigger anxiety or pain.
• Avoid Overstimulation: Limit visitors, children, or other pets from crowding your dog during recovery.

Combining environmental control with emotional support keeps your dog relaxed, promoting steady healing and preventing stress-related complications.

Managing Pain and Discomfort to Keep Dogs Calm

Unmanaged pain can make even the calmest dog restless after TPLO surgery. Pain relief not only promotes comfort but also prevents agitation and unwanted movement that could slow recovery.

• Follow Medication Instructions: Administer pain relievers and anti-inflammatories exactly as prescribed by your veterinarian.
• Watch for Signs of Pain: Whining, panting, or licking the surgical site may signal discomfort or medication wearing off.
• Monitor Activity Levels: A calm, comfortable dog rests easily; pacing or agitation may mean dosage adjustment is needed.
• Communicate with Your Vet: If pain persists despite medication, contact your vet before changing any drug schedule.
• Comfort Measures: Provide soft bedding, maintain room temperature, and ensure your dog rests undisturbed.

Consistent pain control encourages relaxation and speeds up healing by keeping stress levels low and mobility safe.

Mental Stimulation Without Physical Strain After TPLO Surgery

A calm mind leads to a calmer body. Mental enrichment keeps your dog engaged during rest without risking physical strain on the operated leg.

• Puzzle Feeders: Interactive feeding toys make mealtime mentally stimulating and extend eating time for restless dogs.
• Low-Impact Toys: Offer safe chew toys that keep your dog occupied without encouraging jumping or chasing.
• Gentle Obedience Training: Teach stationary cues like “stay,” “touch,” or “watch me” using treats and calm praise.
• Scent Games: Hide treats within reach to engage your dog’s nose and brain while keeping activity minimal.
• Supervised Interaction: Spend time nearby to provide emotional comfort and prevent boredom-related anxiety.

Mental stimulation helps reduce frustration during confinement and keeps your dog emotionally balanced throughout recovery.

Walking and Potty Breaks During the Recovery Period

Bathroom breaks must be short, calm, and strictly supervised during TPLO recovery. Controlled leash walks prevent slips, overexcitement, or sudden pulling that could harm the healing leg.

• Use a Short Leash and Harness: A well-fitted harness offers better control without straining the neck or back.
• Keep Walks Brief: Limit outings to 3–5 minutes, just long enough for your dog to relieve itself.
• Stable Ground: Choose grass or rubber mats over slippery concrete or tile surfaces.
• Avoid Stimulation: Steer clear of other dogs, loud noises, or distractions that might trigger sudden movement.
• Assist with Support: Some dogs benefit from a rear-end support sling during early recovery to maintain balance.

Calm, structured potty breaks maintain consistency while protecting the joint from unnecessary stress.

When to Seek Help for Restlessness After TPLO Surgery

Even with care, some dogs may struggle to stay calm during recovery. Persistent anxiety, restlessness, or agitation can interfere with healing and should not be ignored.

• Signs of Anxiety: Constant whining, pacing, or trying to escape confinement may indicate emotional distress.
• Excessive Movement: If your dog repeatedly gets up, circles, or limps after short walks, contact your vet for evaluation.
• Pain-Related Restlessness: Discomfort often shows as panting, licking the leg, or refusing to settle. Pain management adjustments may be necessary.
• Sedation Support: Vets can prescribe mild sedatives or calming medications for dogs who remain overly anxious.
• Separation Anxiety: If your dog becomes distressed when left alone, consider gradual desensitization or temporary companionship support.

Prompt veterinary guidance ensures your dog stays comfortable, safe, and mentally at ease throughout recovery.

Conclusion

Keeping your dog calm after TPLO surgery is just as important as the surgery itself. Controlled rest allows the bone, joint, and surrounding tissues to heal without stress or strain.

• Patience and Structure: A calm, predictable routine reduces anxiety and prevents sudden movements that can harm recovery.
• Balanced Care: Combine physical confinement with emotional comfort—soft bedding, quiet space, and gentle reassurance.
• Veterinary Support: Regular check-ins ensure pain and stress are properly managed throughout the healing period.

By creating a structured, peaceful recovery environment, you’ll help your dog heal faster, stay comfortable, and return to normal activity safely and confidently.

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FAQs

How long should my dog stay confined after TPLO?

Most dogs need to remain confined for 6–8 weeks following TPLO surgery. During this time, movement should be limited to short, supervised leash walks for potty breaks. Your vet will confirm when it’s safe to expand your dog’s space or start physical therapy based on bone healing progress.

Can I leave my dog alone after TPLO surgery?

It’s best to avoid leaving your dog alone for long periods during the first few weeks. Dogs recovering from surgery can become anxious, restless, or try to move too much. If you must step out, keep your dog securely crated or in a small, safe area and use calming aids if recommended.

What if my dog keeps trying to run or jump?

Sudden movements can damage the surgical repair. Redirect energy through mental stimulation—like puzzle feeders or scent games—and keep your dog leashed when outside the crate. If restlessness continues, ask your vet about temporary calming supplements or mild sedatives to prevent setbacks.

Are sedatives safe to help my dog rest?

Yes, but only under veterinary supervision. Your vet may prescribe mild sedatives or anxiety-relief medications for dogs that struggle with confinement. These drugs are safe when dosed correctly and can prevent harmful overactivity that delays recovery.

How can I tell if my dog is in pain or anxious?

Signs include panting, whining, trembling, excessive licking of the incision, or refusing food. Pain and anxiety can look similar, so if you notice these behaviors, contact your vet. They can adjust pain medication or suggest additional calming support to help your dog relax.

If your dog has recently had TPLO (Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy) surgery, you've already taken an important step to help them recover from a torn cranial cruciate ligament (CCL). This common injury causes pain and makes walking difficult, but TPLO surgery stabilizes the knee joint and improves movement.

Now that the surgery is done, your role in their recovery is crucial. Proper aftercare ensures the surgical site heals well and helps prevent complications like infections or re-injury. Over the next few weeks, your dog will rely on you for controlled activity, a clean and safe environment, and pain management. Rehabilitation exercises and rest will help them regain strength and confidence.

The recovery process may feel overwhelming, but with patience and the right guidance, your dog can return to an active, pain-free life. This guide will walk you through the essential steps of post-surgery care to ensure your furry friend heals successfully.

What to Expect with Your Dog’s Leg After TPLO Surgery

After TPLO surgery, your dog’s leg will go through several changes as part of the natural healing process, including stiffness, swelling, and gradual muscle recovery.

Common Post-Surgery Changes

• Stiffness and Limited Mobility: Stiffness is common in the first few weeks due to swelling and the healing process. Your dog may hesitate to put weight on the leg or show discomfort when moving.
• Muscle Atrophy: Reduced use of the leg during recovery may cause muscle atrophy, especially in the thigh and calf. This weakening can look concerning but can be improved with rehabilitation exercises.
• Scar Tissue Formation: A firm ridge of scar tissue near the surgical site is a normal part of healing. This usually decreases as the incision heals completely.

The Role of Physical Therapy

Physical therapy is crucial for rebuilding strength, reducing stiffness, and restoring mobility. Passive range-of-motion exercises, guided by your vet, can prevent joint stiffness early in the recovery process. As healing progresses, controlled leash walks and low-impact exercises, like swimming, help improve flexibility and strengthen muscles.

A certified canine rehabilitation therapist (CCRT) or veterinarian can create a personalized recovery plan tailored to your dog’s needs. These sessions help your dog regain confidence, balance, and mobility while minimizing the risk of overexertion.

Recovery Milestones

• Weeks 1–4: Focus on rest and limited movement. Swelling and stiffness gradually improve, and your dog may start putting light weight on the leg.
• Weeks 4–8: Begin supervised exercise and physical therapy to strengthen muscles and improve walking.
• Weeks 8–12: Increase activity levels with longer walks to help restore full function. Many dogs regain most of their mobility by the end of this phase.
• 3–6 Months: Full recovery is usually achieved, though timelines may vary. Follow-up exams and X-rays confirm progress.

Managing Swelling After TPLO Surgery

Swelling is a natural part of the healing process, but it needs proper management to prevent discomfort or complications.

Why Swelling Happens

Swelling occurs as the body sends blood, nutrients, and immune cells to the surgical site for repair. This inflammatory response causes redness, warmth, and puffiness around the incision. While mild swelling is normal, excessive or prolonged inflammation may indicate complications like infection or joint strain.

Tips for Managing Swelling

1. Icing the Area: Use a cold pack wrapped in a soft cloth to reduce swelling and discomfort. Apply it for 10–15 minutes every 4–6 hours during the first 48–72 hours. Avoid direct skin contact to prevent frostbite.
2. Rest and Restricted Activity: Limit your dog’s movement to prevent overexertion. Use a crate or small confined area to avoid jumping or running.
3. Medications: Your vet may prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs or pain relievers. Follow their instructions carefully and never use over-the-counter medications without approval.
4. Elevating the Leg: When your dog is lying down, elevate the affected leg on a soft cushion to reduce fluid buildup.

Warning Signs That Require a Vet Visit

Contact your vet right away if you notice:

• The swelling is getting worse after 3–4 days.
• Intense redness, warmth, or discharge from the incision.
• Signs of severe pain, fever, or unwillingness to move.
• The incision opening up or looking infected.

When Can My Dog Climb Stairs After TPLO Surgery?

Your dog can usually begin climbing stairs 6–8 weeks post-surgery, but only under strict supervision and with your vet’s approval. Attempting stairs too early can strain the healing joint and delay recovery.

Why Stairs Are Risky

Climbing requires your dog to put weight on the healing leg, while descending adds extra strain on the knee joint due to impact. Both actions can interfere with healing, increase swelling, or harm surgical implants.

Timeline for Reintroducing Stairs

• First 4–6 Weeks: Avoid stairs completely. Carry smaller dogs and block access with baby gates.
• Weeks 6–8: Limited, supervised stair use may be allowed. Start with one or two steps, using a leash and harness for support.
• Weeks 8–12: Gradual, independent stair use may be possible with your vet’s approval. Monitor progress closely.

Tips for Assisting Dogs with Stairs

• Use a Leash or Harness: Guide your dog’s movements to prevent strain or falls.
• Install a Ramp: A ramp offers a safer alternative for homes with multiple flights of stairs.
• Block Access: Use gates to restrict unsupervised access to stairs.
• Pace Yourself: Allow your dog to take their time without rushing or forcing them.

When Can My Dog Jump on the Couch After TPLO Surgery?

Your dog can usually jump on the couch 12 weeks or more after surgery, but only with your vet’s approval. Jumping on furniture stresses the knee joint, which can risk implant failure or re-injury. Prevent jumping during recovery to protect your dog’s surgical site.

The Healing Process and Phases

• Early Recovery (0–6 Weeks): Bones and tissues are still fragile. Limit activity to short, controlled leash walks.
• Mid-Recovery (6–12 Weeks): Bone healing progresses, but high-impact activities like jumping are still unsafe.
• Long-Term (12+ Weeks): With a smooth recovery, jumping can be gradually reintroduced if cleared by your vet.

Tips for Preventing Jumping

• Block Access: Use baby gates or furniture covers to deter jumping.
• Provide Alternatives: Use ramps or pet stairs to make climbing safer.
• Crate Training: Set up a comfortable crate or playpen to restrict movement.
• Training Commands: Teach “stay” or “off” to discourage jumping.

Conclusion

Recovering from TPLO surgery requires patience, commitment, and careful attention. Your role is vital in helping your dog heal properly and avoid complications. Proper aftercare, such as keeping the surgical site clean, limiting activity, and giving prescribed medications, lays the groundwork for a smooth recovery. Regular check-ups with your vet help track progress and address any concerns early.

Rehabilitation exercises, approved by your vet, are important for rebuilding strength and mobility over time. By sticking to your dog’s care plan and watching for signs of progress or setbacks, you’ll help them return to an active, pain-free life.

Recovery might take weeks or months, but each step forward brings your furry friend closer to full recovery. Your dedication and love truly make a difference in their healing journey.

Source:

Vet Playas: When Can My Dog Climb Stairs After ACL Surgery? Vet-Approved Facts & FAQ

Atlantic Coast Veterinary Specialists: TPLO Surgery for Dogs: When Can My Dog Jump?

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Is Agility Training Possible After TPLO Surgery?

Yes, many dogs can return to agility training after TPLO surgery, but it requires patience, a structured rehab plan, and close supervision by a vet. Recovery varies for each dog based on age, overall health, and the severity of the initial injury. A well-planned rehab program that includes controlled exercises, muscle strengthening, and a gradual return to activity is crucial for success.

Most dogs regain significant function and can participate in agility to some extent, though not all will reach their pre-injury performance levels. Some may need changes in their training routine to reduce joint stress. Proper weight management, joint supplements, and ongoing conditioning can further support long-term joint health.

Veterinary approval is essential before resuming high-impact activities. Rushing the process can lead to reinjury or chronic issues. With the right care, many dogs can safely and enjoyably return to agility sports.

How Long Does It Take for a Dog to Resume Agility Training?

The timeline for returning to agility training after TPLO surgery varies, but the average recovery time is about seven months. Some dogs may start controlled activity as early as six months, while others might take up to two years to fully recover. The speed and success of recovery depend on several key factors, including the dog’s age, weight, overall fitness level, and adherence to a structured rehabilitation program.

In the first 8 to 12 weeks, the focus is on reducing swelling, regaining mobility, and rebuilding muscle strength. After three to four months, most dogs can begin moderate activities, such as leash walks and controlled strengthening exercises.

By six months, dogs with excellent rehabilitation progress may start low-impact agility drills, like tunnels and gentle turns. High-impact activities, such as jumping and weaving, should only be introduced once the dog has regained full strength and coordination.

Strict veterinary supervision is essential throughout recovery. Rushing the process increases the risk of reinjury. A gradual, well-monitored return ensures the best chance of long-term success in agility training.

Factors That Influence a Successful Return to Agility

A successful return to agility depends on proper rehabilitation, veterinary oversight, and a gradual training approach.

The Role of Veterinary Expertise

A skilled orthopedic surgeon greatly improves the chances of a full recovery after TPLO surgery. Their expertise ensures the bones are aligned correctly, the knee joint is stabilized properly, and post-operative complications are minimized.

However, surgery alone isn't enough—ongoing veterinary oversight is crucial. Pain management, anti-inflammatory medications, and regular follow-up visits help track healing progress.

Your veterinarian will evaluate joint stability and muscle strength, adjusting treatment plans as needed. X-rays taken 8 to 12 weeks after surgery confirm bone healing and determine when rehabilitation can advance. Ignoring professional guidance increases the risk of reinjury.

A well-planned post-op strategy, including controlled movement and joint protection, ensures a smoother transition back to agility training, keeping your dog active and free from injury.

Importance of Rehabilitation & Physical Therapy

Rehabilitation is crucial for restoring muscle strength, flexibility, and joint stability after TPLO surgery. Controlled exercises, like range-of-motion movements and weight-shifting drills, help prevent muscle loss. Hydrotherapy is especially effective because water reduces joint stress while encouraging muscle use.

Balance exercises using stability discs or wobble boards improve coordination, lowering the risk of future injuries. A structured rehab plan usually begins with short, controlled walks, moving on to light jogging before agility-specific drills.

A certified canine rehabilitation specialist can create a customized program tailored to your dog’s needs. Dogs that undergo consistent rehab recover faster and are better prepared for the physical demands of agility training than those without structured therapy.

Gradual Reintroduction to Training

Rushing back into agility training too soon can cause reinjury, so taking a step-by-step approach is essential. The first phase includes controlled leash walking, followed by light jogging on flat surfaces. Once your dog can bear full weight without discomfort, you can introduce gentle strength exercises like sit-to-stand drills and cavaletti poles.

After getting approval from a vet, you can start with agility elements like tunnels, weaving, and gentle turns. Jumps should be the last skill to reintroduce, beginning with low heights and gradually increasing. Avoid sudden high-impact activities like sharp turns, quick sprints, or full-height jumps until your dog shows consistent strength, stability, and endurance.

Always follow the advice of your vet or rehabilitation specialist to ensure a safe and sustainable return to agility training.

Signs Your Dog is Ready to Resume Agility

Before starting agility exercises again, your dog should show clear signs of recovery. The most important signs include no limping, pain, or swelling after moderate activity. Your dog should be able to fully bear weight on the operated leg without hesitation or favoring the other leg.

Muscle symmetry between both legs is another positive sign that strength has returned. Your veterinarian will perform mobility tests and joint assessments to confirm readiness for agility.

Additionally, your dog should move confidently, without stiffness or reluctance to perform basic physical tasks. If your vet approves and your dog seems comfortable, you can slowly reintroduce agility movements, ensuring a safe and pain-free experience.

Monitoring for Post-Surgery Complications

Even after a successful TPLO recovery, post-surgical complications can occur, affecting your dog’s ability to return to agility. Common issues include ongoing swelling, pain, stiffness, or reluctance to move after physical activity. Joint effusion (fluid buildup) or too much scar tissue can limit mobility.

Regular veterinary check-ups help identify these problems early, preventing long-term setbacks. Signs like occasional limping or sensitivity near the surgical site may indicate inflammation or implant irritation.

If any of these symptoms appear, immediate veterinary attention is needed to adjust rehabilitation plans or provide additional treatments. Close monitoring and quick action ensure your dog stays on track for a safe and successful return to agility.

Does Owner Experience Matter in the Recovery Process?

Yes, an experienced agility trainer or knowledgeable owner is crucial in a dog's recovery after TPLO surgery. Trainers can notice subtle movement patterns, detect early signs of discomfort, and adjust the training intensity as needed. They understand the importance of gradual progression, ensuring exercises are reintroduced at the right pace.

Additionally, experienced handlers are more likely to prevent setbacks by avoiding premature high-impact activities. A structured, patient approach guided by proper training techniques significantly reduces the risk of reinjury and improves the chances of a successful return to agility sports.

Every Dog Recovers Differently – What to Consider

Recovery after TPLO surgery depends on factors like age, breed, pre-injury fitness, and overall health. Younger, fit dogs with strong muscles usually heal faster and more completely than older or overweight dogs. Breeds with naturally strong joints and lean bodies tend to recover better for agility.

Some dogs return to full pre-injury performance, while others might need adjustments like lower jumps or reduced intensity. Owners should evaluate their dog’s progress, focus on joint health, and collaborate with veterinarians and rehab specialists to find the safest way back to agility training.

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Read more about:

• Dog meniscus tear after TPLO
• MRSP infection in dogs: Causes and symptoms
• TPLO failure symptoms
• TPLO surgery for older dogs: Is it a worthwhile option?

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Final Thoughts

Many dogs successfully return to agility training after TPLO surgery, but it requires patience, structured rehabilitation, and veterinary oversight. A well-planned recovery ensures the joint heals properly, reducing the risk of reinjury. The key to success is gradual training progression, starting with controlled movements before reintroducing agility exercises. Veterinary guidance is essential to assess joint stability and determine when it’s safe to resume high-impact activities.

Not all dogs will regain their pre-injury performance, and that’s okay. Adjustments in training, like lower jump heights or fewer repetitions, can help maintain agility skills while protecting joint health.

Most importantly, pay attention to your dog—watch for signs of discomfort, stiffness, or fatigue. Long-term joint health should always take priority over rushing back to competition. With proper care, your dog can enjoy agility training safely for years to come.

FAQs

When can a dog start jumping after TPLO surgery?

Dogs can typically start low-height jumping around six to eight months post-surgery, but only with veterinary clearance. Jumping too soon can strain the healing joint, increasing the risk of complications. A gradual approach, starting with low-impact exercises and progressing under a structured rehabilitation plan, ensures safe reintegration into agility training.

Can dogs reinjure after TPLO?

Yes, dogs can reinjure after TPLO surgery if they return to high-impact activities too soon or lack proper muscle strength. The most common issues include meniscus tears, implant complications, and ligament strain. Following a controlled rehabilitation program, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding sudden, intense movements help reduce the risk of reinjury and ensure long-term joint stability.

What are the restrictions after TPLO surgery for dogs?

In the first 8 to 12 weeks, dogs should avoid running, jumping, rough play, and off-leash activity. Movement should be strictly controlled, focusing on short, slow leash walks. Slippery floors should be avoided to prevent falls. After three months, activity can gradually increase, but agility-specific exercises should only be reintroduced with veterinary approval to prevent complications.

What happens if you have too much activity after TPLO?

Excessive activity too soon can cause swelling, pain, implant failure, or meniscus damage. Overuse before the bone fully heals may result in fracture around the surgical plate or chronic joint inflammation. Dogs should only increase activity based on vet recommendations, ensuring the knee is strong enough to handle impact before resuming agility or intense movements.

What are the biggest risks of resuming agility too soon?

Returning to agility before full recovery increases the risk of joint instability, meniscus tears, muscle weakness, and chronic arthritis. Jumping or sharp turns on an incompletely healed leg can cause reinjury, requiring additional surgeries. Proper rehabilitation, muscle strengthening, and a phased reintroduction to training significantly lower these risks, ensuring a safe and sustainable agility comeback.

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